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Home » Industry » Metal mining and manufacturing » Munitions factories

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Women munitions workers at the Guest Keen & Nettleford, Cwmbran works, First World War
Women workers at the Guest, Keen & Nettleford, 'nut and bolt' factory in Cwmbran, c. 1914-18
  • The HM munitions factory at Queensferry employed 7,000 people at its peak during the First World War, with females comprising the majority of the production staff. The factory specialized in the manufacture of high explosives and gun cotton (explosive cellulose nitrate) which posed serious health and safety hazards for the employees. Given the hazardous nature of these materials, it is remarkable that only four people lost their lives as a result of accidents in the factory. However, serious injuries, burns and ill health were extremely common and over 12,500 accidents were reported during 1917-18.
Female munitions workers at Queensferry, c.1915
  • This photograph shows the munitions workers who worked at the Powell Brothers Cambrian Works, Wrexham, during the First World War. The company specialised in the manufacture of agricultural implements but for the duration of the war, the works were converted into a munitions factory which produced trench-mortar bombs. A large number of women were employed at the factory during the war.
Workers at the Powell Works, Wrexham, during First World War
Workers at Ty Coch foundry, Caernarfon, during the First World War
  • This image shows Victor Harrison and his dog Dynamite contemplating the ruins.
Bwllfa Ammunition Works and Firing Ground, 1891