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  • The ancient church of St. Tydecho, Mallwyd.  One of the most prominent rectors of the church was Dr John Davies (c.1567-1644), the scholar and lexicographer.  He was appointed vicar of Mallwyd in 1604 and in 1614 he also became responsible for the neighbouring parish of Llanymawddwy.  Davies is regarded as one of the foremost Welsh grammarians: his Welsh grammar, 'Antiquae Linguae Britanicae ... Rudimenta', was published in Latin in 1621, followed by his Welsh-Latin dictionary of 1632, 'Antiquae Linguae Britannicae ... Dictionarium Duplex'.  In addition, Davies played a vital role in the work of translating Biblical texts into Welsh.  He assisted Bishop William Morgan with the translation of the Book of Common Prayer of 1599 and was later chiefly responsible for preparing the edited and highly-popular versions of the Welsh Bible (1620) and the Book of Common Prayer (1621).
St. Tydecho Church, Mallwyd
Thomas Charles, 'Geiriadur Bychan' (Caergybi, 1824) [image 1 of 11]
  • This book was created by Eliza Pughe, Coch y big, Clynnog who was about 12 years old at the time.  The biographical note inside the volume says that she was born about 1831 and died about 1850 and that she was deaf.  It's possible that she received her education at home as no formal system of educating deaf children was developed until the 1890s, but this volume is proof that someone had endeavoured to educate Eliza Pughe.

The beginning of the nineteenth century saw a number of important developments in education for the deaf and it's possible that this volume shows this influence. In 1817 the American Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet (1787-1851) founded a pioneering school for the deaf in the United States.  He was following in the footsteps of other pioneers including the Scot, Thomas Braidwood (1715-1806) who had founded a school for the deaf in Edinburgh in 1760.

The book comprises a series of drawings to illustrate everyday words. Interestingly, often there is a Welsh term and an English term under the drawing. A note inside the cover states that the volume was bound by Eben Fardd (Ebenezer Thomas, 1802-1863).

Source: National Library of Wales
Pictorial dictionary by Eliza Pughe, front cover [image 1 of 136]