The industrialisation of Wales can be dated back to the 18th century with developments in several industries other than agriculture, including lead and copper mining, and the iron and textile industries.

This led to the growth of some towns such as Merthyr Tydfil and Llanidloes.  Most of the migration came from surrounding areas and many of the games and customs of rural Wales were transplanted in the industrial environment.  Prizefighting, which later developed into boxing, proved particularly popular in the iron-working communities.

However, the social impact of industrialisation could not be described as 'revolutionary' until the 19th century, when technological improvements led to the rapid expansion of the heavy industry such as iron, coal and slate. Densely populated communities appeared on the map and the demand for labour brought workers from England and Ireland.

Despite their proximity to each other, distinct differences emerged between the industrial and rural worlds. Strict working hours meant that there was a clearer division between work and leisure.  Towards the end of the 19^th century, people's leisure time was influenced by further changes in working patterns, such as the reduction of working hours, the allowance of a half-day on Saturdays and increases in wages.

Improvements in transport facilitated the growth mass-spectator sports, such as rugby and soccer, and also the spread of popular sports and games over wider geographical areas.

What happened next?
War and Depression (1914-45)

Sources
David Williams, A History of Modern Wales (London, 1950)